考虑空驶距离的出租汽车空气污染排放模型
摘要：为合理、准确量化空驶状态下出租汽车空气污染排放总量及比例，基于深圳市出租汽车GPS数据，构建考虑空驶距离的出租汽车空气污染排放模型。经过数据筛选，以深圳市3 198 辆出租汽车为分析对象，识别出租汽车空驶和载客状态，进而计算载客距离和空驶距离。结合已有的三类出租汽车空气污染排放模型，考虑出租汽车空驶距离分别构建改进模型。参考已有研究成果设定空气污染排放因子，计算得到三类模型对应的空驶过程中出租汽车空气污染排放量占各自污染排放总量的比例分别为25.4%，34.2%和18.9%。最后，从排放因子、行驶距离、燃油经济性等方面探讨出租汽车空气污染减排策略。

Deadhead Distance-based Taxi Air Pollution Emission Model
Abstract: This paper builds the deadhead distance-based taxi air pollution emission model in light of the taxi GPS data of Shenzhen with a view to quantify the total amount and proportion of air pollution emission of taxi under the deadhead status in a rational and correct manner. After data screening, the paper takes 198 taxis of Shenzhen as the object of analysis and recognizes the deadhead and carrying status of taxis to calculate carrying distance and deadhead distance. Based on the existing three types of taxi air pollution emission models, the paper develops improvement models separately by taking into account the deadhead distance of taxis. The paper sets up air pollution emission factor by referring to the existing research results and concludes that the share of air pollution emission of taxi under the deadhead status in total pollution emission of three models is 25.4%, 34.2% and 18.9% respectively. Finally, the paper explores into strategies to cut back on taxi air pollution emission from the perspectives of emission factor, operating range and fuel economy, among others.