1. 生产水足迹
1. Production Water Footprint

生产水足迹是指支持一个国家（地区）在其本地产品生产与服务供给过程中所需要的淡水资源量，无论产品与服务在哪里被消费。
Production water footprint refers to the amount of fresh water resources required in the product production and service supply of a country (territory), regardless of the place whereby product and service are consumed.

2010年中国生产水足迹为1.15万亿立方米，其中绿水足迹所占比例最高，为45%，蓝水足迹占29%，灰水足迹占26%。2012年中国生产水足迹为1.17万亿立方米，其中绿水足迹所占比例最高，为46%，蓝水足迹占28%，灰水足迹占26%。绿水足迹在全国生产水足迹组成总所占分量最重，绿水一般有相对较低的机会成本，对环境的负面影响很小，在水资源安全和粮食安全中的具有重要的作用。除此之外，更应该重视灰水足迹部分，以减少在工业、农业生产活动中对水环境所造成的污染问题。
In 2010, China’s production water footprint stood at 1.15 trillion m3, where green water footprint accounts for the highest proportion of 45%, blue water footprint accounts for 29% and grey water footprint accounts for 26%. In 2012, China’s production water footprint was 1.17 trillion m3, where green water footprint accounts for the highest proportion of 46%, blue water footprint accounts for 28% and grey water footprint accounts for 26%. Green water footprint holds the largest proportion in China’s production water footprint and green water is defined by lower opportunity cost and small negative impact on the environment, playing a critical role in water resource security and food security. Beyond that, grey water footprint shall be taken seriously to alleviate pollution to the water environment during industrial and agricultural production.

与2009年一样，2010-2012年生产水足迹在中国省份间的分布上依然存在着显著的差异（图7.2、图7.3）。这个是和区域社会发展程度、区域生产功能定位、自然地理环境、人口食物消费喜好等综合因素共同作用的结果。总体上，在中国以农业为主体经济的地区生产水足迹高，大型城市、农业不发达地区生产水足迹比较低。
As with 2009, production water footprint in 2010-2012 showed an evident difference in terms of inter-provincial distribution in China (Figure 7.2 and Figure 7.3). This is a result of interaction among comprehensive factors, including the social development level, positioning of production function, natural and geographic environment and food consumption preference of the population of a region. On the whole, production water footprint is higher in Chinese regions with agriculture as the mainstay of the economy while large cities and regions with underdeveloped agriculture have lower production water footprint.

中国生产水足迹的空间分布在一定意义上说明了农业是耗水大户。而粮食是人类生存的根本，水资源对于粮食安全的支持作用显而易见，但是，不能仅为了保障粮食安全而忽略水资源的问题。除了降雨之外，尤其在地表水缺乏的地区，地下水资源决定着粮食作物的生产潜力。
The spatial distribution of China’s production water footprint indicates that agriculture is a large water consumer in some sense. Food is the foundation of the survival of the humanity and water resource has a clearly supporting role in food security. That said, we cannot afford to ignore the issue of water resource for the sake of safeguarding food security. Apart from precipitation, underground water resource decides the production potential of food crop, especially in regions where surface water is scarce.