大城市公交评价体系和公交竞争力指数研究
Research on Public Transport Evaluation System and Public Transport Competitiveness Index of Big Cities

摘要：公交评价指标研究一直是学界探讨的热点，然而已有研究侧重于从服务水平层面探讨公交的评价指标，无法全面、综合地反映公共交通发展状况。针对这一问题，从国家战略、交通规划、交通运作和乘客感受四方面出发构建城市公交评价指标体系，给出指标具体计算方法。对指标进行标准评分，进而构建公交竞争力指数及计算模型，便于从整体把握公共交通发展程度以及同类城市间进行比较。最后，以北京、上海、广州3个特大城市为例，计算各指标评分及公交竞争力指数，结果与交通实际状况较为吻合，验证了评价方法的可靠性。
Abstract: Research on public transport evaluation indexes is a hot topic of the academic circle. Nevertheless, the exiting studies place particular emphasis on discussing the evaluation indexes of public transport from the service level and cannot reflect the development of public transport in a comprehensive and integrated way. For this reason, this paper builds an evaluation index system of urban public transport from four aspects: national strategy, transport planning, transport operation and passenger experience, and provides a concrete index calculation method. It conducts standard evaluation on the indexes and then constructs the public transport competitiveness index and calculation model, so as to understand the development of public transport as a whole and compare cities of the same kind. Finally, the paper takes the three megacities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as examples and calculates the scores of each index as well as the public transport competitiveness index. The results are quite consistent with the actual transport situations, thereby validating the reliability of the evaluation method.