译文摘录：

Fiscal Policies Supporting Renewable Energy in the United States: A Brief Survey

美国可再生能源配套财政政策简介

Recent renewable energy development in the United States has been motivated by a mix of federal- and state-level fiscal and regulatory policies. These policies are varied and diverse, especially among states, and are not summarized in their entirety here. Instead, the following brief summary focuses on the subset of state and federal policies that have played the largest role in the recent growth of renewable energy use and manufacturing in the United States. The emphasis of this summary is on fiscal policies, though state-level renewable portfolio standards (RPS) are also mentioned due to their importance. Policies that have played prominent roles in the past, but that are no longer primary drivers for growth, are not discussed here; a wide variety of regulatory policies (other than RPS’) are also excluded.

在美国的联邦级与州级财政和监管政策的推动下，美国的可再生能源开发在近期得到快速发展。上述政策，尤其是州级政策种类较多，本文未全部涉及。本文将主要对在美国近期可再生能源利用与开发方面发挥主要作用的联邦级和州级政策进行简要总结。本文将着重介绍财政政策，但鉴于州级可再生能源配额标准（RPS）的重要性，本文也对该标准进行了简要介绍。对于曾经发挥过重要作用，但在可再生能源发展过程中无法继续发挥主要推动作用的政策，本文不做赘述；本文也未包括各监管政策（RPS除外）。

In summary, the primary drivers for renewable energy development in the U.S. in recent years have included, at the federal level: the production tax credit (PTC), investment tax credit (ITC), and Treasury Grant Program; and accelerated tax depreciation. At the state level, the primary drivers for renewable energy development have included state-level RPS programs as well as a variety of state-level cash incentive programs. In addition to these programs, several other federal and state programs are also summarized here, each of which is intended – in part – to support domestic manufacturing of renewable energy equipment: (1) the federal loan guarantee program; (2) the federal manufacturing tax credit; (3) state and local fiscal incentives to encourage the manufacturing of renewable energy equipment; and (4) federal and state R&D funding.

近几年，美国可再生能源开发的主要联邦级推动力包括：生产退税（PTC）、投资退税（ITC）和国家财政补贴计划；以及税收加速折旧。可再生能源开发的主要州级推动力包括州级RPS计划，以及各种州级现金激励计划。此外，本文中还包括其他联邦级和州级计划，该类计划对美国国内可再生能源设备的制造提供了支持，其中包括：（1）联邦贷款担保计划；（2）联邦生产退税；（3）联邦与地方财政激励计划，鼓励制造可再生能源设备；以及（4）联邦与州级研发基金。

本文由北京翻译公司品格翻译提供，未经允许，不得转载。