人类的祖先在树上攀爬抓握的过程中，拇指与另外四只分开，并逐渐显示出特殊的能力——对握。他们需要这样的能力来保证灵活的穿梭树枝之间，这也是现代人类最为值得骄傲的进化之一。
When the ancestors of human beings climbed and grasped the trees, their thumbs separated from the other four fingers and they gradually showed a special ability –“squeeze” gripping. They needed this ability to ensure flexible shuttling through tree branches, and this is one of the evolutions that modern human beings are most proud of.

化石——生命历史的见证
The Fossil —Witness of Life History

化石通过不同的形成方式向我们展示了过去的生物世界。研究化石，我们可以推测出地球和地球上的生命在这30亿年间的发展史。它们见证了生命戏剧性的进化过程和地球曾经经历的巨大变化。通过化石，我们还可以想象出远古时期动植物的外貌以及它们的生活方式。
Fossils show us the past biological world through different formation modes. We can speculate the development history of the earth and lives on the earth over the 3 billion years by studying fossils. They have witnessed the dramatic evolutionary process of lives and the substantial changes that the earth has gone through. We can also imagine the appearances of animals and plants in remote antiquity and their life styles via fossils.

化石的形成过程
Formation process of fossils

一个生物体死后，它可能被分解，也可能被松软的沉积物掩埋。成岩过程中发生的复杂化学作用，又可能将其溶解，如果周围的岩石也已固化形成铸型，渗入其中的矿物填充铸型成为化石。
An organism can either be decomposed or be buried by soft sediments after death. In addition, it can also be dissolved by the complex chemical actions that occur during diagenesis process; if the surrounding rocks are solidified and casts are formed, the minerals infiltrated fill in the casts and become fossils.

哺乳动物大繁盛
The Thriving of Mammals

生命通过细胞分裂而成长，种群中的个体数量因繁殖而增长。在没有天敌、没有营养或食物限制的天堂，细胞数或生物个体数N=N0ert，其中N0是初始数量，r是繁殖率减死亡率，t代表时间。在表盘上以时间为转轴，数量为指针长度画出这个关系，就是一条黄金螺线。
Life quantity grows by cell division, and number of individuals in a population increases through reproduction. In an ideal environment without natural enemies and without nutrition or food limitations, the cell number or the number of individual organisms N=N0ert, wherein, N0is the initial amount, r is reproductive rate minus death rate, and t stands for time. If we plot this relationship in a dial plate with time as the pivot and amount as the pointer length, a golden spiral appears.

物种因自我复制而增长，决定了生命形状的自相似性。这种自相似在树状分形和黄金螺线上达到了完美的表现，而黄金螺线更不仅限于描绘的生命形状。
Species increase by self-replication which determines the self-similarity of life shapes. This self-similarity is manifested perfectly in fractal tree and golden spiral, though the golden spiral is more than depicting life shapes.

由于地球环境包容性的限制，导致生命的增长存在着上限，乃至物种的灭绝，适者生存是一种自然法则。尽管生命的形状为适应环境做出了各种改变，仍难掩饰以自然对数为底，指数生长的内禀属性。
Due to restrictions of environmental munificence, there exists upper limit of the increase of lives, and species can even become extinct. Survival of the fittest is a law of nature. Although there are lots of changes made by life shapes for acclimatization, the intrinsic attribute of exponential growth with the base of natural logarithm still cannot be concealed.